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INTRODUCTION: It is essential to understand the strategic importance of intensive care resources in the sustainable organisation of healthcare systems. Our objective has been to identify the intensive and intermediate care beds managed by Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation Services (A-ICU and A-IMCU) in Spain, their human and technical resources, and the changes made to these resources during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective observational study performed between December 2020 and July 2021 to register the number and characteristics of A-ICU and A-IMCU beds in hospitals listed in the catalogue published by the Spanish Ministry of Health. RESULTS: Data were obtained from 313 hospitals (98% of all hospitals with more than 500 beds, 70% of all hospitals with more than 100 beds). One hundred and forty seven of these hospitals had an A-ICU with a total of 1702 beds. This capacity increased to 2107 (124%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three hundred and eight hospitals had an A-IMCU with a total of 3470 beds, 52.9% (2089) of which provided long-term care. The hospitals had 1900 ventilators, at a ratio of 1.07 respirators per A-ICU; 1559 anaesthesiologists dedicated more than 40% of their working time to intensive care. The nurse-to-bed ratio in A-ICUs was 2.8. DISCUSSION: A large proportion of fully-equipped ICU and IMCU beds in Spanish hospitals are managed by the anaesthesiology service. A-ICU and A-IMCUs have shown an extraordinary capacity to adapt their resources to meet the increased demand for intensive care during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assuntos
Anestesiologia , COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/terapia , Espanha/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Cuidados CríticosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify potential markers at admission predicting the need for critical care in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An approved, observational, retrospective study was conducted between March 15 to April 15, 2020. 150 adult patients aged less than 75 with Charlson comorbidity index ≤6 diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. Seventy-five patients were randomly selected from those admitted to the critical care units (critical care group [CG]) and seventy-five hospitalized patients who did not require critical care (non-critical care group [nCG]) represent the control group. One additional cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital critical care associated with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (odds ratio 1.052 [1.009-1.101]; Pâ¯=â¯0.0043) and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (1.968 [1.389-2.590]; Pâ¯<â¯0.0001), both at the time of hospital admission. The AUC-ROC for the combined model was 0.83 (0.76-0.90) (vs AUC-ROC SOFA Pâ¯<â¯0.05). The AUC-ROC for the validation cohort was 0.89 (0.82-0.95) (Pâ¯>â¯0.05 vs AUC-ROC development). CONCLUSION: Patients COVID-19 presenting at admission SOFA scoreâ¯≥â¯2 combined with CRPâ¯≥â¯9.1â¯mg/mL could be at high risk to require critical care.
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COVID-19 , Sepse , Adulto , Proteína C-Reativa , Cuidados Críticos , Humanos , Prognóstico , Curva ROC , Estudos Retrospectivos , SARS-CoV-2 , EspanhaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify potential markers at admission predicting the need for critical care in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An approved, observational, retrospective study was conducted between March 15 to April 15, 2020. 150 adult patients aged less than 75 with Charlson comorbidity index ≤6 diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. Seventy-five patients were randomly selected from those admitted to the critical care units (critical care group [CG]) and seventy-five hospitalized patients who did not require critical care (non-critical care group [nCG]) represent the control group. One additional cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital critical care associated with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (odds ratio 1.052 [1.009-1.101]; P=.0043) and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (1.968 [1.389-2.590]; P<.0001), both at the time of hospital admission. The AUC-ROC for the combined model was 0.83 (0.76-0.90) (vs AUC-ROC SOFA P<.05). The AUC-ROC for the validation cohort was 0.89 (0.82-0.95) (P>0.05 vs AUC-ROC development). CONCLUSION: Patients COVID-19 presenting at admission SOFA score ≥2 combined with CRP ≥9,1mg/mL could be at high risk to require critical care.
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OBJECTIVE: To identify potential markers at admission predicting the need for critical care in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An approved, observational, retrospective study was conducted between March 15 to April 15, 2020. 150 adult patients aged less than 75 with Charlson comorbidity index ≤ 6 diagnosed with COVID-19 pneumonia were included. Seventy-five patients were randomly selected from those admitted to the critical care units (critical care group [CG]) and seventy-five hospitalized patients who did not require critical care (non-critical care group [nCG]) represent the control group. One additional cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were used to validate the score. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital critical care associated with increased C-reactive protein (CRP) (odds ratio 1.052 [1.009-1.101]; P = .0043) and higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (1.968 [1.389-2.590]; P < .0001), both at the time of hospital admission. The AUC-ROC for the combined model was 0.83 (0.76-0.90) (vs AUC-ROC SOFA P < .05). The AUC-ROC for the validation cohort was 0.89 (0.82-0.95) (P > 0.05 vs AUC-ROC development). CONCLUSION: Patients COVID-19 presenting at admission SOFA score ≥ 2 combined with CRP ≥ 9,1 mg/mL could be at high risk to require critical care.
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En diciembre del 2019, la Comisión Municipal de Salud y Sanidad de Wuhan (provincia de Hubei, China) informó de una serie de casos de neumonía de etiología desconocida. El 7 de enero del 2020, las autoridades chinas identificaron como agente causante del brote un nuevo tipo de virus de la familia Coronaviridae, denominado SARS-CoV-2. Desde entonces, se han notificado miles de casos con una diseminación global. Las infecciones en humanos provocan un amplio espectro clínico que va desde infección leve del tracto respiratorio superior, hasta síndrome de distrés respiratorio agudo grave y sepsis. No existe un tratamiento específico para SARS-CoV-2, motivo por lo que los aspectos fundamentales son establecer medidas adecuadas de prevención y el tratamiento de soporte y manejo de las complicaciones
In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health and health Commission (Hubei Province, China) reported a series of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities identified as a causative agent of the outbreak a new type of virus of the Coronaviridiae family, called SARS-CoV-2. Since then, thounsands of cases have been reported with global dissemination. Infections in humans cause a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection, to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is not specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, which is why the fundamental aspects are to establish adequate prevention measures and support treatment and management of complications
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Humanos , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/patogenicidade , Coronavirus/patogenicidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Operatórios/métodos , Precauções Universais/métodos , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave/classificação , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Padrões de Prática Médica , Gestão da Segurança/métodosRESUMO
In December 2019, the Wuhan Municipal Health and health Commission (Hubei Province, China) reported a series of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology. On January 7, 2020, the Chinese authorities identified as a causative agent of the outbreak a new type of virus of the Coronaviridiae family, called SARS-CoV-2. Since then, thounsands of cases have been reported with global dissemination. Infections in humans cause a broad clinical spectrum ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection, to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is not specific treatment for SARS-CoV-2, which is why the fundamental aspects are to establish adequate prevention measures and support treatment and management of complications.
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Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus/terapia , Assistência Perioperatória/métodos , Pneumonia Viral/terapia , COVID-19 , China , Infecções por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Gerenciamento Clínico , Humanos , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral/diagnóstico , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Pese a que fue descrito hace casi 3 décadas, ha sido en los últimos años cuando se ha producido un incremento notable en la comunicación de casos de síndromes coronarios agudos desarrollados en el contexto de reacciones alérgicas, entidad que es conocida como síndrome de Kounis. En este artículo nos planteamos esta posibilidad diagnóstica ante un fracaso biventricular agudo en el transcurso de una reacción anafiláctica durante el intraoperatorio de una cirugía valvular cardiaca
Although Kounis syndrome was described almost 3 decades ago, there has been a notable increase in the reports of cases of acute coronary syndromes developed in the context of allergic reactions, also known as Kounis syndrome. This article discusses the diagnostic possibility in the face of an acute biventricular failure in the course of an anaphylactic reaction during the intra-operative period of a cardiac valve surgery
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Humanos , Masculino , Idoso , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/diagnóstico , Disfunção Ventricular/complicações , Choque Cardiogênico/diagnóstico , Implante de Prótese de Valva Cardíaca/métodos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Anafilaxia/complicações , Síndrome Coronariana Aguda/complicações , Insuficiência da Valva Mitral/cirurgiaRESUMO
Although Kounis syndrome was described almost 3 decades ago, there has been a notable increase in the reports of cases of acute coronary syndromes developed in the context of allergic reactions, also known as Kounis syndrome. This article discusses the diagnostic possibility in the face of an acute biventricular failure in the course of an anaphylactic reaction during the intra-operative period of a cardiac valve surgery.
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Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Complicações Intraoperatórias/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Kounis/diagnóstico , Idoso , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
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Humanos , Masculino , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sedação Profunda/métodos , Sedação Profunda/normas , Sedação Profunda , Anestesia Geral/métodos , Anestesia Geral , Sedação Profunda/tendências , Éster Metílico do Ácido 3-Piridinacarboxílico, 1,4-Di-Hidro-2,6-Dimetil-5-Nitro-4-(2-(Trifluormetil)fenil)/uso terapêutico , Propofol/uso terapêuticoAssuntos
Sedação Profunda/instrumentação , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/uso terapêutico , Éteres Metílicos/uso terapêutico , Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores , Ventiladores Mecânicos , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Angina Pectoris/complicações , Sedação Profunda/métodos , Desenho de Equipamento , Filtração/instrumentação , Unidades Hospitalares , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipnóticos e Sedativos/administração & dosagem , Máscaras Laríngeas , Masculino , Éteres Metílicos/administração & dosagem , Marca-Passo Artificial , Agitação Psicomotora/tratamento farmacológico , Agitação Psicomotora/etiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Respiração Artificial/instrumentação , Sevoflurano , VolatilizaçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate by an experimental model that a continuous medicinal airflow system giving a pressure of 30 cmH2O effectively stops leakage from endotracheal tubes. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten tracheas with their main bronchi were removed from cadavers with no pulmonary disease. The tracheas were placed vertically and tubes previously perforated with increasing caliber needles were inserted and connected to a continuous flow system. The flow of medicinal air generated in the cuff was monitored with a flow meter and pressure was measured with a manometer. When a pressure of 30 cmH2O was reached, the trachea was filled with saline. We then observed the moment at which, when pressure fell, the saline began to leak from the bronchi. The levels observed were expressed as arithmetic means and standard deviations. RESULTS: No leakage was observed when the flow produced pressures above 10 cmH2O for 25 G caliber holes, above 15 cmH2O for 24 G holes, or above 20 cmH2O for 25 G, 21 G, 20 G, 18 G or 16 G holes. For 14 G holes, a flow producing pressures over 25 cmH2O were needed. Pressure up to 80 cmH2O was required to stop leakage from a scalpel cut. CONCLUSIONS: We found that adjusting flow and pressure is a valid way to stop leakage from small holes. The method does not control leakage from large holes or cuts.